The Potential Impact of Microplastics on Human Health: What We Know So Far

Microplastics have been found in numerous human tissues, raising concerns about their potential impact on health. These tiny particles, derived from the breakdown of larger plastic items, have been detected in the heart, liver, kidneys, and even reproductive organs. However, the extent of their harm remains uncertain.

According to a 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) report, there is currently no clear evidence of a direct risk to human health from microplastics. Despite this, the report acknowledges the need for further research to fully understand the implications.

Dr. Marya Zlatnik, an obstetrician in San Francisco, has studied environmental toxins and their effects on pregnancy. She notes that while there are concerns about microplastics’ impact, the research field is still young and evolving. “I’m not entirely sure what to say yet,” Zlatnik admitted, highlighting the need for more conclusive evidence.

Microplastics, which can be as small as a fraction of a human hair, have been found in air, water, soil, and various foods, including salt, sugar, honey, rice, and seafood. Studies indicate that most people likely inhale and ingest these particles, although the exact amounts and effects are still being determined.

Tracey Woodruff, a researcher at the University of California at San Francisco, has reviewed nearly 2,000 studies on microplastics. She emphasizes the potential for these particles to cause inflammation and other changes in the body that could increase the risk of health issues like heart attacks and strokes. However, concrete evidence linking microplastics to specific health outcomes is still being developed.

In a small study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers suggested a possible link between microplastics in arteries and an increased risk of death from heart attacks and strokes. However, some experts caution that the study may have overstated its findings.

Dr. Philip Landrigan of Boston College expressed concern over the available information, stating, “Even though there’s a lot we still don’t know about microplastic particles and the harm they cause to humans, the information that is available today is in my mind very concerning.”

To reduce potential exposure to microplastics, researchers recommend practical measures such as removing shoes before entering the house to avoid tracking in plastic-laden dust, preparing fresh foods at home, avoiding microwaving meals in plastic trays, and using reusable stainless steel or glass water bottles instead of disposable plastic ones.

However, Zlatnik acknowledges that these recommendations might not be feasible for everyone, particularly those with limited incomes. She emphasizes the importance of prioritizing immediate needs over concerns about microplastics.